Obituary
Curtain
Falls on an American Epic
Arthur
Miller, who passed away last week, was America's foremost
post-war playwright. His works, intricate musings on the darkness
at the heart of the American Dream, struck a chord with a
whole generation of theatre-goers throughout the world.
Miller's
best-known character, Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman,
the little man, destroyed by the pressures of modern life,
stunned the audience at the play's Philadelphia premiere in
1949. Some wept. Arthur Miller became famous overnight.
He
was born in New York in 1915. His father owned a garment factory
but faced financial ruin after the Great Crash of 1929. He
worked in menial jobs to pay his way through college where
he studied journalism and became a radical.
His first
stage play, All My Sons, portrayed the impact on a family
of American participation in World War II. Miller was attacked
as unpatriotic. He said that he was just telling the truth.
In due
course his liberal views caught him in the McCarthy anti-communist
witch-hunt. He testified before a congressional committee,
refusing to name friends and colleagues who might have been
communists and was held in contempt.
"I
feel the same as I ever did," he said at the time, "which
is that I don't believe that a man has to become an informer
in order to practice his profession freely in the United States."
He found
a parallel for McCarthy in the Salem witch trials in New England
in 1692 and wrote The Crucible, a devastating study of mass
hysteria and denunciation.
Years
later, Miller also wrote the screenplay for The Crucible,
a film starring his son-in-law, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Winona
Ryder.
Many were
astonished when he married Marilyn Monroe in 1956. The bookish
intellectual and the doomed screen goddess made an unlikely
couple.
He admired
her courage, he said, but it did not last. Following their
breakup in 1961, Miller married the renowned photographer
Inge Morath, whom he met on the set of the film The Misfits,
which he wrote and which starred Monroe.
In later
years Arthur Miller went out of fashion in America. He complained
that writers there were treated as entertainers, not moralists,
and railed against what he regarded the hollow commercialism
of Broadway.
The rejection
exaggerated the gloom from which he fashioned his plays and
which he freely admitted.
"I
do think that most things end badly," he said. "Most
human enterprise disappoints."
His work
continued to be loved and admired in the UK and in 1995 his
Broken Glass won the prestigious Olivier Award for best play.
He himself directed Death of a Salesman for the Chinese stage.
The audience, for whom the Cultural Revolution provided its
own particular resonance, was delighted.
Arthur
Miller's legacy is such that, on any one day, his work is
being performed somewhere in the world.
Beyond
the glare of stardom and the Pulitzer Prize that he won for
Salesman, he sought to provoke his audience into questioning
society and authority.
After
the events of 11 September 2001, Miller said the attacks had
been part of a "war against humanity".
"Ever
since Stalin and the Nazis, reality has transcended fiction,"
he said.
He also
expressed some doubts about President George W Bush's ability
to tackle the crisis, and warned that emergency measures introduced
by the US government might have a negative impact on liberty.
A man
of the highest integrity, both in his work and in his personal
life, Arthur Miller was a radical liberal, who never accepted
the so-called American dream at face value.
Copyright
(R) thedailystar.net 2004
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